大模型系列——从VM隔离到多Agent协作：Claude Cowork与WorkBuddy技术架构深度解析#

1
# 伪代码：VM创建流程
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class CoworkVM:
3
    def __init__(self):
4
        self.vf = VirtualizationFramework()
5
        self.vm = self.vf.create_vm(
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            os="Linux",
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            memory="4GB",
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            cpu="4 vCPUs",
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            storage="10GB"
10
        )
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        # 预装工具链
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        self.setup_environment([
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            "git", "grep", "curl", "python3",
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            "node", "docker", "vim"
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        ])
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    def execute(self, command):
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        """在隔离环境中执行命令"""
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        return self.vm.run(command, timeout=300)

1
# 恶意命令示例
2
command = "rm -rf /"
3

4
# VM内执行：仅删除VM内文件，宿主机不受影响
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vm.execute(command)
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# ✅ 结果：VM重建，宿主机安全

1
graph LR
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    User[用户] --> Host[MCP Host]
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    Host --> Client[MCP Client]
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    Client --> Server1[MCP Server: Git]
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    Client --> Server2[MCP Server: Database]
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    Client --> Server3[MCP Server: API]

1
// 只读数据源定义
2
interface Resource {
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  uri: string;           // 资源URI
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  name: string;          // 资源名称
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  description: string;   // 资源描述
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  mimeType?: string;     // MIME类型
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}
8

9
// 示例：数据库Schema资源
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const databaseSchema: Resource = {
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  uri: "db://schema/main",
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  name: "Main Database Schema",
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  description: "包含用户表、订单表、产品表的完整Schema",
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  mimeType: "application/sql"
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};

1
// 可执行函数定义
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interface Tool {
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  name: string;          // 工具名称
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  description: string;   // 工具描述
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  inputSchema: JSONSchema; // 输入参数Schema
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}
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// 示例：SQL查询工具
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const executeSQL: Tool = {
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  name: "execute_sql",
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  description: "在数据库中执行SQL查询",
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  inputSchema: {
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    type: "object",
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    properties: {
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      query: {
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        type: "string",
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        description: "要执行的SQL语句"
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      }
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    },
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    required: ["query"]
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  }
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};

1
// 预定义工作流模板
2
interface Prompt {
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  name: string;          // 模板名称
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  description: string;   // 模板描述
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  template: string;      // 提示词模板
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}
7

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// 示例：代码审查工作流
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const codeReviewPrompt: Prompt = {
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  name: "code_review",
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  description: "标准的代码审查流程",
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  template: `
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    请审查以下代码：
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    1. 检查安全性问题
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    2. 评估性能瓶颈
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    3. 代码风格一致性
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    4. 测试覆盖率
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    代码：{{code}}
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  `
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};

1
# Stdio模式：本地进程间通信
2
class StdioTransport:
3
    def __init__(self, server_command):
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        self.process = subprocess.Popen(
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            server_command,
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            stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
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            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
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            stderr=subprocess.PIPE
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        )
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    def send(self, message):
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        """发送消息到Server"""
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        self.process.stdin.write(json.dumps(message))
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        self.process.stdin.flush()
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    def receive(self):
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        """接收Server响应"""
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        line = self.process.stdout.readline()
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        return json.loads(line)
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# Streamable HTTP：远程多租户访问
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class HTTPTransport:
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    def __init__(self, endpoint, api_key):
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        self.endpoint = endpoint
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        self.headers = {"Authorization": f"Bearer {api_key}"}
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    def send(self, message):
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        """通过HTTP发送消息"""
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        response = requests.post(
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            self.endpoint,
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            json=message,
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            headers=self.headers,
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            stream=True
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        )
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        return response.json()

1
class AgenticLoop:
2
    def execute_task(self, task):
3
        while not task.completed:
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            # 1. 感知（Observation）
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            observation = self.observe_environment()
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            # 2. 规划（Planning）
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            plan = self.generate_plan(observation, task)
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            self.show_plan_to_user(plan)  # 用户可查看和调整
10

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            # 3. 行动（Action）
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            action = self.plan_to_action(plan)
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            # 4. 执行（Execution）
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            result = self.execute_action(action)
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            # 5. 反思（Reflection）
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            if self.needs_correction(result):
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                action = self.correct_action(result)
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                result = self.execute_action(action)
21

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            task.progress += 1

1
class HumanInLoop:
2
    def __init__(self):
3
        self.dangerous_operations = {
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            "delete_file",
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            "drop_table",
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            "rm -rf"
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        }
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    def require_approval(self, operation):
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        """关键操作需用户确认"""
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        if operation.type in self.dangerous_operations:
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            response = self.prompt_user(
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                f"即将执行危险操作: {operation}\n"
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                f"是否继续？[y/N]"
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            )
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            return response == "y"
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        return True
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    def execute_with_approval(self, operation):
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        if self.require_approval(operation):
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            return operation.execute()
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        else:
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            return OperationCancelled()

1
class LocalModelInference:
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    def __init__(self, model_path):
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        # 加载量化模型（4-bit INT8）
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        self.model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
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            model_path,
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            quantization_config=BitsAndBytesConfig(
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                load_in_4bit=True,
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                bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=torch.float16
9
            )
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        )
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        # 优化推理性能
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        self.pipeline = pipeline(
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            "text-generation",
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            model=self.model,
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            tokenizer=self.tokenizer,
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            max_new_tokens=2048,
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            temperature=0.7
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        )
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    def generate(self, prompt):
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        """本地推理"""
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        result = self.pipeline(prompt)
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        return result[0]["generated_text"]

1
class ModelOptimizer:
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    @staticmethod
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    def optimize_inference(model):
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        # 1. KV Cache优化
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        model.config.use_cache = True
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        # 2. Flash Attention
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        model = replace_with_flash_attn(model)
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        # 3. 动态批处理
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        model.enable_dynamic_batching()
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        # 4. 量化
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        model = quantize(model, bits=4)
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        return model

1
class TeamMember:
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    def __init__(self, name, role, model):
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        self.name = name
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        self.role = role  # "researcher", "coder", "tester", etc.
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        self.model = model
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        self.mailbox = Mailbox()
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        self.context = ConversationContext()
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    def receive_message(self, message):
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        """接收来自其他成员的消息"""
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        self.mailbox.inbox.append(message)
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    def process_messages(self):
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        """处理收到的消息"""
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        for message in self.mailbox.inbox:
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            response = self.model.generate(
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                f"收到{message.sender}的消息：{message.content}\n"
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                f"你的角色是{self.role}，请回复。"
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            )
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            self.mailbox.send(message.sender, response)

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class TeamLeader:
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    def __init__(self, task_description):
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        self.members = []
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        self.task_list = TaskList()
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        self.task_description = task_description
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    def create_team(self, roles):
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        """创建团队成员"""
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        for role in roles:
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            member = TeamMember(
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                name=f"{role}_{uuid4().hex[:8]}",
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                role=role,
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                model=self.load_model_for_role(role)
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            )
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            self.members.append(member)
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    def decompose_task(self, task):
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        """任务分解"""
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        subtasks = self.model.generate(
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            f"将任务分解为多个子任务：{task}\n"
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            f"考虑{[m.role for m in self.members]}的角色分工。"
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        )
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        return self.parse_subtasks(subtasks)
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    def assign_tasks(self):
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        """分配任务"""
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        for task in self.task_list.pending_tasks:
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            suitable_member = self.find_member_for_task(task)
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            suitable_member.assign(task)
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            task.status = "assigned"

1
class TaskList:
2
    def __init__(self):
3
        self.tasks = []
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        self.lock = threading.Lock()
5

6
    def add_task(self, task, dependencies=None):
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        """添加任务（支持依赖）"""
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        with self.lock:
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            task = Task(
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                id=uuid4(),
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                description=task,
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                dependencies=dependencies or [],
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                status="pending"
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            )
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            self.tasks.append(task)
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    def get_ready_tasks(self):
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        """获取可执行的任务（依赖已满足）"""
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        with self.lock:
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            return [
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                t for t in self.tasks
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                if t.status == "pending" and
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                   all(dep.status == "completed" for dep in t.dependencies)
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            ]
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    def update_status(self, task_id, status):
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        """更新任务状态"""
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        with self.lock:
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            task = self.find_task(task_id)
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            task.status = status
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            # 触发下游任务
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            if status == "completed":
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                self.notify_dependent_tasks(task)

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class Mailbox:
2
    def __init__(self):
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        self.inbox = []
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        self.sent = []
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        self.lock = threading.Lock()
6

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    def send(self, recipient, content):
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        """发送消息"""
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        message = Message(
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            sender=self.owner,
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            recipient=recipient,
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            content=content,
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            timestamp=datetime.now()
14
        )
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        recipient.receive_message(message)
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        self.sent.append(message)
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    def broadcast(self, content):
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        """广播消息（谨慎使用）"""
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        for member in self.team.members:
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            if member != self.owner:
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                self.send(member, content)

1
class SkillLoader:
2
    def __init__(self, skills_dir):
3
        self.skills_dir = skills_dir
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        self.loaded_skills = {}
5

6
    def load_skill(self, skill_name):
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        """加载技能包"""
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        skill_path = os.path.join(self.skills_dir, f"{skill_name}.yaml")
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        with open(skill_path) as f:
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            skill_config = yaml.safe_load(f)
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        # 注册工具
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        for tool in skill_config["tools"]:
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            self.register_tool(tool)
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        # 注册提示词模板
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        for prompt in skill_config["prompts"]:
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            self.register_prompt(prompt)
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        self.loaded_skills[skill_name] = skill_config

1
# 多层安全防护
2
class CoworkSecurity:
3
    def __init__(self):
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        self.vm_isolation = True      # VM隔离
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        self.file_mount_control = True # 文件挂载控制
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        self.network_policy = True     # 网络策略
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        self.audit_log = True         # 审计日志
8

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    def execute(self, command):
10
        # 1. 检查权限
11
        if not self.check_permission(command):
12
            raise PermissionDenied()
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        # 2. 记录审计日志
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        self.audit_log.log(command)
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        # 3. 在VM中执行
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        result = self.vm.run(command)
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        # 4. 检查结果
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        if self.is_dangerous_result(result):
22
            self.alert_user(result)
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        return result

1
# 用户授权模型
2
class WorkBuddySecurity:
3
    def __init__(self):
4
        self.user_approval = True       # 用户审批
5
        self.sandboxing = False        # 无沙盒
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        self.audit_log = True         # 审计日志
7

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    def execute(self, command):
9
        # 1. 检查是否需要审批
10
        if self.requires_approval(command):
11
            if not self.get_user_approval(command):
12
                raise OperationCancelled()
13

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        # 2. 记录日志
15
        self.audit_log.log(command)
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        # 3. 直接执行（无隔离）
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        result = subprocess.run(command, shell=True)
19

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        return result

1
class CoworkPerformance:
2
    def analyze(self):
3
        return {
4
            "启动时间": "5-10秒（VM启动）",
5
            "执行延迟": "50-200ms（VM调用）",
6
            "文件IO": "VirtioFS共享，略慢",
7
            "网络IO": "虚拟化网络，中等",
8
            "并发能力": "单一Agent顺序执行"
9
        }

1
class WorkBuddyPerformance:
2
    def analyze(self):
3
        return {
4
            "启动时间": "1-2秒（模型加载）",
5
            "执行延迟": "10-50ms（本地推理）",
6
            "文件IO": "原生文件系统，快速",
7
            "网络IO": "无需网络（本地）",
8
            "并发能力": "多Agent并行执行"
9
        }

1
# MCP Server扩展
2
class MCPExtension:
3
    def create_server(self):
4
        return MCPServer(
5
            name="custom_tool",
6
            version="1.0.0",
7
            resources=[
8
                # 自定义资源
9
            ],
10
            tools=[
11
                # 自定义工具
12
            ],
13
            prompts=[
14
                # 自定义提示词模板
15
            ]
16
        )

1
# 技能包扩展
2
class SkillExtension:
3
    def create_skill(self):
4
        return Skill(
5
            name="custom_skill",
6
            version="1.0.0",
7
            tools=[
8
                # 自定义工具
9
            ],
10
            prompts=[
11
                # 自定义工作流
12
            ]
13
        )